A-B 1492-RIFM40F
.2防火墻內(nèi)核模塊功能本系統(tǒng)基于開放源碼的mix操作系統(tǒng)開發(fā),通過定制修改添加其內(nèi)核源代碼來完成功能,在內(nèi)核中做數(shù)據(jù)審核和數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)既保證了其篼安全性也充分保收稿U期:2002 -08-06.楊潤華,本科生,主研領(lǐng)域:操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核技術(shù),IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全技術(shù)。
證了效率。考慮到為了達到過濾高層協(xié)議的目標,必須充分利用Linux內(nèi)核IP包過濾框架Netfilter來實現(xiàn)篼效可靠復雜規(guī)則的過濾,而同時IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議在通信中占有優(yōu)勢,故只考慮IP協(xié)議的支持。左邊是該防火墻內(nèi)核模塊結(jié)構(gòu)圖。混合式步進電機廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)控機床、機器人、遙控、航天等領(lǐng)域,特別是微型計算機和微電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使步進電機獲得了更為廣泛的應(yīng)用。但其步距角較大、分辨率低、易發(fā)熱等缺點往往滿足不了工業(yè)上的定位和大扭矩控制,電機繞組相電流上升,采樣電阻的電壓上升到基電壓時,比較器翻轉(zhuǎn)。使觸發(fā)器復位,功率晶體管關(guān)斷,電流下降,等待下個振蕩脈沖的到來。這樣,觸發(fā)器輸出的是恒頻PWM信號,調(diào)制L297的輸出信號,繞組相電流峰值由整定。
比較器檢測電阻電壓L297內(nèi)部斬波器電路示意圖L297單片步進電動機控制器集成電路適用于3硬件體系結(jié)構(gòu)雙性兩相步進電動機或單性四相步進電動機的控制。用L297輸出信號可控制L298雙H橋驅(qū)動集由上述可知,L297內(nèi)部帶有斬波恒流電路,繞送給DAC0832使能信號組相電流峰值由整定,因此,驅(qū)動器硬件電路設(shè)計的基本思想是為L297配備合適的RC網(wǎng)絡(luò),調(diào)整斬波振蕩脈沖頻率。同時,利用875產(chǎn)生與L297相序的細分電壓的變化階梯,并作為L297的匕引腳輸人,從而控制斬波時刻繞組相電流峰值的個Ref輸人端,因此,在實際的電路設(shè)計中采用,雙L297單L298結(jié)構(gòu)形式。驅(qū)動部分電路如。在采用875產(chǎn)生與L297相序的細分電壓的變化階梯過程中,細分電壓產(chǎn)生電路如,將外部定頻率的脈沖信號經(jīng)過篼速光藕6N37光電隔離后,分別送到875的外部中斷和計數(shù)器0,其中計數(shù)器0工作在方式2,即自動重裝初值的8位計數(shù)器。由于計數(shù)器0中斷就比外部中斷篼個別,所以不用設(shè)置中斷優(yōu),每當外部脈沖信號輸人時,計數(shù)器加,當計數(shù)寄存器溢出時,觸發(fā)計數(shù)器0中斷,在中斷響應(yīng)函數(shù)中,讓單片機的P0口輸出相應(yīng)的脈沖信號,經(jīng)反向后送給L297的CLOCK引腳。在隨后觸發(fā)的外部中斷中,讓計數(shù)變量自加,同時輸出以該計數(shù)變量作為下標的數(shù)組值到P0口,然后經(jīng)過DAC0832的8位數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換,將產(chǎn)生的階梯電壓送給L297的引腳。這樣,不僅實現(xiàn)了與L297時序的細分雙L297單L298結(jié)構(gòu)驅(qū)動部分硬件電路圖步進電機細分電壓產(chǎn)生電路39嘗¥壓的數(shù)組值,可以實現(xiàn)高細分數(shù)的可變細節(jié)。系統(tǒng)硬件組成直流電機測控系統(tǒng)如所示。本系統(tǒng)是以Cygnal C805F020為核心所組成的閉環(huán)實時測控系統(tǒng),是個典夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)速度預(yù)置、轉(zhuǎn)速顯示,并能轉(zhuǎn)速進行測控。
霍爾測速電路產(chǎn)生的采樣脈沖送外部中斷,通過計數(shù)器進行計數(shù),從而算出轉(zhuǎn)速。將這個轉(zhuǎn)速值與預(yù)置轉(zhuǎn)速值比較,得出差值。C805通過該差值進行PID運算,得出控制增量,再由C805輸出控制參數(shù),由PWM電路改變電機兩端的有效電壓,終達到控制轉(zhuǎn)速的目的。
直流電機測控系統(tǒng)原理圖鍵盤和顯示電路采用了串行接口的7279控制電路。
在功能鍵盤上輸入控制命令,電機轉(zhuǎn)速顯示在七段碼顯示器上。
PWM控制器方向為計算機測控技術(shù)。
p%Ms控制器由pwM波開形發(fā)生器和pwm延時保護t與功放電路組成。系統(tǒng)中測速部分使用了定時器T0,如果PWM波形發(fā)生也由C805產(chǎn)生將會加大軟件的任務(wù),從而影響整個系統(tǒng)的實時控制效果。因此由外部電路產(chǎn)生PWM的波形,而C805只提供控制參數(shù)來改變脈寬占空比,達到電機轉(zhuǎn)速的變頻調(diào)控。PWM波形發(fā)生器如所示。
輸出脈沖的周期和頻率可以計算出轉(zhuǎn)速。為了提高電機轉(zhuǎn)速測量的度,可以在電機轉(zhuǎn)盤上均勻固定多塊磁鋼,電機每轉(zhuǎn)圈,霍爾傳感器將會產(chǎn)生多個脈沖,通過軟件計算可以測量電機轉(zhuǎn)速。
由于霍爾傳感器輸出的脈沖波峰小、波形邊沿不完整,采用施密特觸發(fā)器電路脈沖整形后輸出到C805外部中斷INTO,施密特觸發(fā)器輸入輸出波形如所示。.用個直流電源給電機的UV繞組通以小于額定電流的直流電,U入,V出,將電機軸定向至個平衡位置;
2.用示波器觀察編碼器的U相信號和Z信號;
3.調(diào)整編碼器轉(zhuǎn)軸與電機軸的相位置;
4.邊調(diào)整,邊觀察編碼器U相信號跳變沿,和Z信號,直到Z信號穩(wěn)定在高電平上(在此默認Z信號的常態(tài)為低電平),鎖定編碼器與電機的相位置關(guān)系;
5.來回扭轉(zhuǎn)電機軸,撒手后,若電機軸每次自由回復到平衡位置時,Z信號都能穩(wěn)定在高電平上,則齊有效。
撤掉直流電源后,驗證如下:
.用示波器觀察編碼器的U相信號和電機的UV線反電勢波形;
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