A-B 1756-L55M13如何用創(chuàng)新設(shè)計引領(lǐng)中國制造在日前舉辦的國際工程科技發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略高端論壇上,中國工程院院士與諸多國外專齊聚堂,就此問題展
開熱烈討論。
從價值鏈低端走出
月2日,中國商飛公司新建成的總裝制造中心浦東基地廠房內(nèi),隨著帷幕緩緩拉開,架“佩戴”著中國商飛特有標志藍綠色“絲巾”
的新型商用飛機正式下線。這是由我國自主研制的C99大型客機。在這架大飛機的研制過程中,針氣動布局、結(jié)構(gòu)材料和機載系統(tǒng),研制
人員共規(guī)劃了02項關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)。
近年來我國涌現(xiàn)出批重大創(chuàng)新設(shè)計成果。嫦娥奔月、北斗導(dǎo)航、蛟龍深潛、高鐵成網(wǎng),批標志性的工程裝備系統(tǒng)的集成創(chuàng)新和設(shè)計
制造能力已居國際前列!爸袊O(shè)計”小荷才露尖尖角。但不能否認的是,目前我國制造業(yè)整體自主創(chuàng)新設(shè)計能力還較薄弱,進制造技
術(shù)和設(shè)計創(chuàng)新的研究和應(yīng)用水平較低。企業(yè)研發(fā)側(cè)重短期市場效益的漸進式創(chuàng)新,缺乏側(cè)重企業(yè)長期競爭力、以創(chuàng)新設(shè)計引領(lǐng)的突破性
創(chuàng)新。
中國工程院相關(guān)調(diào)研顯示,長期跟蹤模仿和創(chuàng)新設(shè)計能力不足使我國產(chǎn)業(yè)處于全球價值鏈的低端。以美國蘋果公司的全球垂直型“
設(shè)計生產(chǎn)模式”,即“硅谷設(shè)計—產(chǎn)品密機械制造芯片—中國臺灣制造主板—中國大陸組合生產(chǎn)成品”為例,中國內(nèi)地代工蘋果產(chǎn)品獲
得的勞動力價值比約2%,遠低于美國所獲得的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計研發(fā)的60%價值比。在蘋果的全球價值鏈中,美、日、韓分別憑借設(shè)計和技術(shù)獲得
49.9%、34%和3%的利潤分成,中國靠代工生產(chǎn)僅獲得不到4%的利潤。
不僅如此,我國高端數(shù)控機床、集成電路、民航客機、航空發(fā)動機、科學(xué)與醫(yī)療儀器、高端基礎(chǔ)關(guān)鍵零部件等也嚴重依賴進口。中
國自主設(shè)計創(chuàng)造并引領(lǐng)設(shè)計的重要產(chǎn)品、高端制造設(shè)備、經(jīng)營服務(wù)模式少。因自主創(chuàng)新設(shè)計創(chuàng)造的國際著名品牌及成為享譽國際的著名
企業(yè)偏少。與會專表示,創(chuàng)新設(shè)計是我國擺脫發(fā)展路徑依賴、突破創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展瓶頸的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),是實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新能力從“跟跑”“并跑”
到“領(lǐng)跑”的關(guān)鍵手段。要果斷抓住時代機遇,立足制造業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和后發(fā)優(yōu)勢,通過發(fā)展創(chuàng)新設(shè)計提升自主創(chuàng)新能力,完成從“跟蹤模仿
”到“引領(lǐng)跨越”的轉(zhuǎn)變。
可喜的是,我國已經(jīng)有許多企業(yè)率行動。華為通過堅持創(chuàng)新設(shè)計,從個中低端通信設(shè)備生產(chǎn)商成長為通信服務(wù)整體解決方案的提供
商,躍成為500強企業(yè);騰訊堅持執(zhí)行速迭代微創(chuàng)新,擊敗了MSN、聯(lián)眾、盛大等眾多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)巨頭,獲得微信的成功和實現(xiàn)在移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
時代的速轉(zhuǎn)型。
廈門興銳達自動化設(shè)備有限公司
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